Fig. 2

Real per capita budgetary deficits, 2007–2013 (yuan). The figure shows the spatial pattern of the real per capita budgetary deficits. For each province, the per capita budgetary deficit was calculated by subtracting the government budgetary revenue from the government budgetary expenditure and then dividing the difference by the local population. The values in different years (from 2007 to 2013) were all adjusted to the 2010 price level by the corresponding consumer price index and were then averaged